Because the calligraphy and painting is made of rice paper, silk, twill, silk and so on as the base, it is easy to be damaged by insects after a long time, and it is more afraid of humidity and avoid drying, which is more delicate than other cultural relics. In order to extend its life to the maximum extent, it is very important to protect the work of painting and calligraphy. Here are some basic knowledge:
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First, painting and calligraphy can not be hung on the damp, oil walls.
Second, hang the picture first pay attention to the firm hanging nails. The method of hanging the painting is very particular, the right hand holds the branch of the painting, hooks the center of the calligraphy and painting tapeband, the left hand holds the middle part of the painting, the big and little fingers inside, the middle three fingers outside, with the raising of the branch of the painting, the left finger of the painting should be loosened, slowly spread, and then leave the hand after hanging. The right hand and left hand are the same when picking the painting. Take it off and place it flat on the table. When rolling the picture, pay attention to roll it fully and tightly. If there are two people, one of them holds the skyrod, and the other person holds the two shaft heads slowly up. If the picture is too wide, it is difficult to hold the two hands, you can hold the middle of the picture with one hand and turn the shaft head with the other hand. It should be noted that the person holding the pole will raise the painting high, and the scroll person should be low to prevent breaking the core of the painting.
Third, the display of the hand roll must be on the table, the case surface is clean, flick the dust to wipe off the dirt, and the ink bottle is away from the table. When reading the sash belt and the pin, it should be placed smoothly on the head of the bag, and then the big female fingers in both hands, four fingers outside, with the exhibition with the volume. Do not touch the picture with two fingers to prevent the unexposed part of the tail from falling into the ground. When winding up, arrange the slope with both hands at any time. After winding, hold the outer bar with one hand, place the hand roll vertically on the case, and press the side with the palm of the hand to roll the picture tightly.
Four, album pages, the face open, four fingers inserted in the back of the two pages folding, slowly up to read. Keep your hands away from the front of the page. If it is a loose page, to open a sequence of leafing, do not randomly pick up.
In addition to the above basic methods and knowledge, the exhibition and reading of calligraphy paintings (including banners, couplets, hand scrolls, album pages) should pay attention to:
1. Wear thin cotton gloves.
2, work (contact painting and calligraphy), speak, cough remember to avoid the picture.
3, look at the painting, take the painting, the most taboo smoking. And no fireworks in the whole room.
4, can not look at the painting at the wind, outdoor wind can be timely to close the window.
5, calligraphy and painting and color parts appear lead back, especially in the face of the figure painting is often gray and black after lead back, this can be used a small brush (new oil brush, brush can also be) dipped in hydrogen peroxide wipe. If the lead is too heavy, it can be eliminated after drying for the first time and then wiped a second time, repeated several times.
6, painting and calligraphy shipping packaging, length classification, 10 pieces per package is best, paper, cotton, foam in the shaft between the pad, with string or twine at both ends and the middle, with a cross, well bound. The outer packing should be wrapped with kraft paper, oil paper or drain paper, plastic paper, etc., to prevent rain wet.
7. Calligraphy and painting must be stored at a certain temperature and humidity, and air circulation must be maintained. The easel bookcase is kept at least half a foot off the floor. Take it out to dry once a year in the late autumn season.
8. Calligraphy and painting are easy to be eaten by insects and rats. In the preservation of painting and calligraphy places, food must not be thrown to avoid drawing out insects and rats.
9, calligraphy and painting storage, generally divided into categories according to the age, to flowers and birds, figures, mountains and rivers, according to the author's surname stroke number, business cards include the name of the painting, the author, texture, size, scientific and detailed records. This is not only applicable to national collection units, but personal collections can also be kept and documented in this way more formally for easy search.
10, broken pieces of painting and calligraphy, can not be lost, to be promptly uncovered and repaired. The longer it is, the worse it will be for the painting. Specially used for packing of hand rolls, it was popular during the reign of Qianlong, and was often used in the collection of the Inner government, which was also pasted with the Imperial Court offering inscriptions. Today people can follow suit.
11, If a painting is found to be damp and moldy, the painting should be quickly hung in a place with air circulation, but can not let the sun directly, slightly moldy, can be lightly flicked away with a duster, such as serious moldy phenomenon, should be re-mounted and repaired.
Painting and calligraphy can not be hung for a long time, otherwise it will be deformed. Collectors should rotate the works of the collection, which will feel fresh from the perspective of appreciation, and at the same time, it is the protection of calligraphy and painting.
13. The warehouse dedicated to storing paintings and calligraphy is required to maintain a certain temperature and humidity, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pests and mold. Scientific experiments have proved that the growth and reproduction of pests and molds are directly related to the humidity and temperature in the air. When the temperature is below 10 ° C, most pests stop developing and breeding, when the relative humidity is below 65%, the mold will lose the possibility of normal growth and development, so the temperature in the library should be controlled between 10-18 ° C, and the relative humidity is controlled between 50% and 60%. Why is the relative humidity required to be at the lower safe limit of 50%? Because calligraphy and painting belong to hygroscopic substances, they are very allergic to excessive drying and easy to dry and crack. Painting and calligraphy are mounted with adhesive such as paste made of flour, dry to a certain limit, the adhesive is brittle by drying, which will cause physical decay of the painting and calligraphy, if the relative humidity falls below 45%, lasting a long time, the painting and calligraphy will be damaged, so the safe lower limit of relative humidity of 50% is a strict humidity limit.
14, painting and calligraphy library should first choose good ventilation conditions and dry buildings, should not choose the bottom and top floor. Do not roll up the calligraphy and painting that is not dried after being damp to avoid mildew.
15, to prevent moisture can be desiccant moisture absorption, that is, general solid silica gel, per kilogram of silica gel can absorb 0.4-0.5 kg, after moisture absorption is still solid, the surface is not wet, does not melt, no pollution, no corrosion, no side effects on calligraphy and painting, stable nature, can be used for a long time. Painting insect repellent, the use of the volatile characteristics of this agent, and have special odor and toxicity of solid drugs, put into the sealed painting cabinet (box), so that the drug volatilized gas around the painting to maintain a certain concentration, to kill pests or make pests do not dare to approach. Commonly used naphthalene (C10H8), pure naphthalene is white crystalline powder or flake, chemical stability, volatile, large concentration, can kill insects. It is also processed into naphthalene pills (i.e., sanitary balls), which are wrapped with paper to prevent contact with calligraphy and painting when used. Another useful camphor extract (C10H16), its pure product is colorless crystal, volatile. In addition, there is the use of dichlorobenzene (C6H4CI2), the efficacy is 5 times that of naphthalene, insecticidal ability, when used in the bottle, the bottle is sealed with gauze, reduce the volatilization rate, do not directly touch the painting.
The Times are developing, please pay attention to more advanced storage technology.
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