Several ways to draw horses
The methods of painting horses in our country are generally classified into the following types. Meticulous brushwork, a combination of meticulous and freehand brushwork, and freehand expression. A**** them, meticulous brushwork can be further divided into the hook-drawing method, the hook-drawing rendering method, and the rendering method. The combination of meticulous and freehand writing can be divided into two types: one that leans towards meticulous brushwork and the other that leans towards freehand brushwork. The freehand brushwork method is divided into small freehand brushwork and large freehand brushwork. A**** them, the small freehand style is very similar to the more freehand style that combines meticulous and freehand techniques, making it difficult to distinguish the boundaries very clearly.
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I. The Painting Method of Fine Brushwork Horses
In general meticulous painting, it is necessary to first outline the light color base, and then apply coloring, silk and hair, etc. The following is a detailed description of the meticulous painting techniques:
First, use a pencil or charcoal to gently draw the outline of the horse, and then use a outlining pen to outline the entire body of the horse with light ink. Generally, the process starts with drawing the horse's head. Start the picture from the horse's ears, then the mouth, the cough, the nose, and finally the eyes. When outlining the eyes, pay attention to the perspective changes. However, the sequence is not fixed and can be slightly adjusted according to specific circumstances and convenience. But this way of drawing makes it easier to grasp the characteristics of the horse's head and avoids distortion.
After the horse's head is drawn, proceed to draw the neck and the mane on the front chest, then the back, the front legs, the abdomen and the hind legs, and finally the tail of the horse. When outlining, the lines should have variations in weight and speed. It is not advisable to only use lines of equal thickness for drawing. This can enhance the vividness and liveliness of the lines and also provide a good hand for depicting the image. At the horse's ears, it should be as shown in Figure (1). At the bridge of the nose, a thinner, harder and more lustrous line should be used. At the lips, there should also be some variations, with short lines outlining. The strokes should be broken but the meaning should be connected. At the prominent parts of the horse, that is, the tall parts, lines of varying thicknesses should be used alternately. This makes it easier to show the three-dimensional effect of the horse. For the protruding parts of the hooves and bones, it is also advisable to use a thinner and smoother line to outline them. At this time, the tip of the pen should move towards the outer circle. For the concave parts, a heavier stroke should be applied and the tip of the pen should move towards the inner circle. The mane and ponytail should be gently drawn with thread, without applying excessive force, so as to facilitate the future rendering of the silk and hair. After outlining, start to apply light ink for rendering. The light ink must be a well-ground thick ink mixed with water and then used. Do not use ground light ink as it lacks a lustrous and smooth effect.
2. When rendering, dip one pen in water and the other in ink. With each stroke of ink applied, use the water-dipped pen to spread out the ink color. Generally, the side tip of the pen is used more often. Due to the different moisture and ink content at the tip of the pen, a gradually fading color effect can be produced, making the ink gradually fade and disappear. When ending the brush, just gently connect it with the water pen. After dyeing, the buttocks should have a round feel. It should not be too dark or too light. It should be even and gradually change. If you are still not satisfied after the first dyeing, you can wait until it is dry or about 80% dry and then dye it a second time until the three-dimensional effect of the horse is clearly visible. However, beginners either dye it too dark or too light, so it should be avoided as much as possible.
The body of a horse is usually dyed with a larger pen on the outer edge of the hindbuttocks, the lower abdomen, the concave part of the leg muscles and the junction of the chest and abdomen. There is a group of muscles in the horse's neck that should be dyed with strength. The two pectoralis major muscles on the chest should also show a sense of strength and power, because the horse moves with its head held high and relaxed, and its chest is very developed.
After these areas are dyed, the head is dyed last. The horse's head is the center of the horse, so be careful when dyeing. It is better to dye with medium or small white cloud brushes. You should dye stroke by stroke along the structure of the horse's head, which is both distinct in structure and integrated as a whole. Dye the ears first, then the forehead, the front face, the nose, and finally the mouth. The horse legs need to be dyed later. When dyeing the nose, it is necessary to distinguish the shade and not the same depth, otherwise it will look as stiff as a black hole. The mouth of the horse should be dyed clearly, and the lips should be slightly darker.
The last step is to dye the horse's mane, tail and other parts. When dyeing the mane, it should be done in strands. Take the main structure of the mane as the main body and the strands of the horse as the basis, dyeing layer by layer. Do not apply too much ink at one time. Use light ink to dye several times and finally cover with a layer of light ink.
3. Coloring: After the concave and convex parts of the horse are rendered, coloring can be done. The coloring process is generally divided into two steps. First, apply a flat coat with the prepared color to ensure even coverage. You can use a larger sheephair pen with slightly more color and moisture, but the color should not be too heavy. Even if the horse's color is dark, it should be applied repeatedly; otherwise, on the one hand, it is easy to leave color marks, and on the other hand, it will be difficult to apply evenly. To avoid uneven coloring, it is also advisable to apply a flat coat of white powder as a base before coloring, which makes it easier to achieve even coloring. The color of the horse drawn in this way is not thin but has a sense of weightiness, which can enhance the texture and volume of the horse. Leave blank Spaces around the horse's eyes, mouth, forehead and face to allow for future fine processing.
Secondly, on the flat base, colors can be used for rendering to show the concave and convex parts of the horse, and at the same time, the overall shape of the horse can be basically formed. The rendering method is the same as that of ink rendering, gradually covering and coloring layer by layer. When coloring the mane, after the strands are separated, the color can be deepened in the dark areas and lightened in the bright areas. If there is a white mane, white powder can be added. Coloring horse eyes requires great caution. First, outline the horse's eye contour with a slightly darker color. Then, dye the eyeballs from the outside to the inside to make them appear round and spherical. Gradually, the color becomes lighter and lighter from the outside to the inside. Generally, use ochre with a little ink. Finally, use dark brown ink to point out the pupils and leave highlights. A few eyelashes should be traced with a fine pen at the eyelid. The mouth and the area above the nose have been tinted with light ink. At this point, use light indigo mixed with a little ochre to tint along the inner contour. The nose can be tinted a little darker until you are satisfied. Finally, use an extremely fine tracing pen to draw a few fine hairs on the lips. The painting method of a horse's legs is basically the same as the above parts. However, when painting a superior horse or depicting a tall and fine horse, two colors are often used to separate from the hoof to the leg joint. For example, in the horse "Four Hooves Trepting on Snow", the upper part is colored and the lower part is snow-white. To make the white not too stiff, in addition to considering its inherent color, the reflection of light and the surrounding environment should also be taken into account. A little light ochre or flower blue can be added in the dark. In this contrast, white is not so stiff and rigid, but has a lively atmosphere. At the same time, it also gives people a sense of reality in terms of texture.
The hooves of a horse are shaped like round columns. When painting, there should be perspective changes. Generally, it is more often viewed from above. Only when depicting galloping or running can the lower part of the horse's hooves be seen. The horse hooves are covered with a light ochre color, and finally the hooves are outlined with thick ink. The brushwork should also be varied. The bright areas should be reserved.
When painting a cicada attached to a horse, use a brush with more ink to dot it, and then use a white cloud brush that has been wet but squeezed dry to absorb it. Just like the boneless leaf point method, it looks vivid and natural.
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