Protection and collection of calligraphy and painting
How to preserve the personal collection of calligraphy and painting? From the perspective of cultural relics protection, the following points of common sense on the protection of calligraphy and painting are put forward for reference.
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Proper hanging and timely dust removal
Calligraphy and painting are exquisite works of art and must be hung for a certain time. The practice of hiding at the bottom of the box is not desirable, because the potential changes in calligraphy and painting slowly can not be learned in time, and it is too late to discover the problem. Therefore, the calligraphy and painting after mounting should be hung at intervals for a period of time. During the hanging period, we should pay attention to timely dust removal, because the current environmental pollution is more serious. Dust absorbs harmful gases, is suspended in the air, and is deposited on the picture for a long time, which will erode the picture. Generally speaking, the urban environment is removed once a week, and the rural environment is removed once a month. Dust removal method: The cold air of the hairdryer can be used at a 30 degree Angle with the picture, and the distance of 10-15 cm is kept from right to left to sweep again, or the picture is lightly swept with a feather duster. Or use a vacuum cleaner on a low wind setting to sweep the picture with a soft brush while vacuuming. Do not use things like rags to wipe the picture, because in this way, harmful dust will invade the grain of the paper in the process of wiping, causing long-term damage. During the exhibition and hanging, pay attention to the humidity of the air, if the rain is continuous, the air humidity is particularly large, you can first put the scroll up. Artificially changing the small space environment, such as heating, humidification and fragrance, should be paid more attention. For winter heating, calligraphy and painting should be kept a certain distance from heating and smoke pipes, and for summer cooling, it should be kept relatively far from the air intake of air conditioners.
Light is the natural factor that has the greatest impact on painting, especially ultraviolet light, which can make the picture pigment metamorphosis and decomposition, resulting in paper changes. Ultraviolet light mainly comes from sunlight, and there is also a small amount of ultraviolet light emitted by incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes. Therefore, when hanging the picture, do not close to the window to avoid direct sunlight on the picture. Light bulbs or fluorescent lamps emit 400-700 nm(nanometer) visible light, although the impact is not large, but long-term close exposure can also make the paper yellow. Therefore, the light bulb and the fluorescent lamp should be kept more than 1 meter away from the calligraphy and painting. Low power lighting source is selected.
The volume is not easy to release
After hanging and displaying for a period of time, in addition to dust removal according to the method described above. It is also necessary to observe whether the surface changes, if there are mold spots, moth-eaten spots, it should be sent to the cultural relics protection technology department for scientific protection treatment. When rolling calligraphy and painting, first loosen and then tighten, first loosen and roll up, and then slowly rotate the shaft head to roll the calligraphy and painting tight and solid. Then bind with painting tape, the weight of binding must be moderate, too loose so that the scroll loose, easy to be folded; Too tight so that the middle of the scroll left a hard trace of tying, affecting the overall beauty of the picture.
Hang, display calligraphy and painting so that it is in a working state, the paper should bear the sagging tensile stress and tension, so that the strength of the paper is weakened; Winding makes calligraphy and painting in a state of rest, and its stress and tension are greatly reduced. Generally speaking, the hanging time should not be too long. It can be hung twice a year for 1 to 2 months each time.
Scientific protection hides brilliance forever
In order to keep the "youth" of calligraphy and painting forever, there are strict requirements for the storage environment. The first is insect, mildew and fire prevention. The second is to control and adjust the temperature and humidity.
Silverfish (also known as coat fish, paper fish) are wingless insects, generally eat the surface of painting and calligraphy, especially harmful paste. The larvae of tobacco nail do great harm to calligraphy and painting, like to make holes in calligraphy and painting, and hide themselves in the hole. General insect repellent, commonly used drugs such as sanitary balls, mothballs, p-dichlorobenzene, this drug is white solid, easy to volatilize. A**** them, the insecticidal ability of benzene dichloride is the strongest, but people are more affected by habits, and the most commonly used is still commercial sanitary balls.
For the storage environment, it is required that the painting and calligraphy cabinet or painting and calligraphy box should be sealed well. Make the storage environment relatively stable. Yangjiang patent leather box commonly used by folk is made of fir wood, covered with paper inside and outside, and then painted with black wood paint to avoid light and moisture. Good sealing performance. Where conditions are now available, safe and other objects with better sealing performance are used. But no matter what kind of box is used, the calligraphy and painting should be placed in the air, that is, the wooden strip is empty, and the following space is left for the desiccant (color-changing silica gel or calcium dichloride), insect repellent (hygiene balls, mothballs, p-dichlorobenes), anti-mold agent, and then the calligraphy and painting are placed on the wood strip. For safety, these reagents should be wrapped in cloth or paper with good air permeability. If you want to move and transport calligraphy and painting, you can not move and move the box directly, but you should open the box. Take out the medicine, and then put the calligraphy and painting into and place the calligraphy and painting fixed, so that the calligraphy and painting are not collided in the box. When you get to a new place, put the protective medicine back in and seal the protection.
According to a large number of experiments, the most suitable preservation temperature of calligraphy and painting is 14℃--18℃, and the most suitable relative humidity is 50%--60%, such conditions are not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and molds. Humidity control, mainly with desiccant color-changing silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride. If the temperature is controlled, the room temperature can be adjusted by air conditioning.
The above are some conventional methods for the protection of calligraphy and painting, and specific protection measures need to be carefully observed, analyzed and summarized according to the actual situation of calligraphy and pain
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